Russia entered World War 1 in the union of the Triple Entente like other European Empires with catastrophic results for itself. The occasional attempts by the Romanovs and the privileged classes to reform society and ameliorate the condition of the underclasses invariably ended in failure. By the late 19th century political crises followed in rapid succession, with rebellion and its repression. The Russian Empire reached its peak during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, producing many colourful and enlightened figures such as Catherine the Great, Dostoevsky, Pushkin and Tolstoy. Saint Petersburg became known as Russia's "Window on the West" and adopted the manners and style of the royal courts of western Europe, even to the point of adopting French as its preferred language. Best architects from France and Italy were involved designing the city. As part of this effort he moved the capital from the history rich city of Moscow to Saint Petersburg, a city built at a great expense and by a great effort of the Russian people. One of Russia's most charismatic and forceful leaders, Peter built the foundations of empire on a centralized political culture and promoted "westernization" of the nation.
Peter The Great established the Russian Empire in 1721, although the Romanov dynasty had been in power since 1613. Majority of Russians are Orthodox Christians. The Russian identity can be traced to the Middle Ages, with first eastern Slavic state known as Kievan Rus and its religion rooted in Byzantine Christianity adopted from Istanbul Turkey. Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (via the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave on the Baltic coast), Belarus, and Ukraine to the west, Georgia and Azerbaijan to the southwest, and Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea to the east and much of the south.
Russia ( Russian: Россия) is the largest country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, spanning Eastern Europe and northern Asia. Variably recognized: Abaza, Adyghe, Aghul, Altai, Avar, Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Buryat, Chechen, Cherkess, Chuvash, Crimean Tatar, Dargwa, Erzya, Ingush, Kabardian, Kalmyk, Karachay-Balkar, Khakas, Komi, Kumyk, Lak, Lezgi, Mari, Moksha, Nogai, Ossetic, Rutul, Tabasaran, Tatar, Tsakhur, Tuvan, Udmurt, Ukrainian, YakutĪlso spoken:+100 indigenous languages, English, and German 5.6.2 Lower-cost air-lines from the Middle East, India, South-East Asia and Australiaįederal Constitutional -Presidential Republic.1.1.2 Events of early and late 20th century.
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